The issues included in uncovering the historical Patrick Essay Example for Free

The issues included in uncovering the historical Patrick Essay When explaining the issues involved in uncovering the historical background, it is a most difficult task. This is for a number of reasons, but the main reason would be the lack of historical information in Patricks writings. Patrick felt dates were unimportant, and so didnt include many of them in his writings. This means that his writings are a lot more useful for getting an insight into his thoughts and feelings, for hearing Patricks spiritual journey in his own words, and hearing about the difficulties he faced in his mission, and how he responded to them. However, whenever it comes down to historical background, key dates, or geographical information, Patricks writings arent as useful as would be hoped, and therefore a lot of scholars draw their own conclusions, which we must take into account when trying to make our own. Kenney says that when we search for historical facts within Patricks writings, we are faced with an exasperating incoherence, which leaves the meaning constantly in doubt and suggests that Patrick may actually be a much more obscure character than we would like to admit. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½an MacAirt refers to the fifth century as the lost century, because of the absence of any historical information. We are still in the era of pre-history, which the exception of Patricks writings, and Prospers reference to the arrival of Palladius. Within these two documents, which are of the utmost importance, there are only two place names given to us, and no dates, so it is very hard to gather historical fact. ORahilly rightly says of humble Patrick the last thing that the saint could have imagined, would be that hundreds of years later, the document would be scrutinised again and again with a view to gleaning biographical details of the writers life. The big problem is that there is a two-hundred year gap between the time Patrick actually lived, and when he was first written about, so this leaves plenty of room for false information or inaccuracy. In Patricks Confessio, Patrick tells us of his birth place, Bannaven Taburniae, but he does not tell us where it is actually located. There have been many unsuccessful attempts to agree on the location of the birth of Patrick; however there has been an agreement on three basic points that must be taken into account when trying to determine the location. The first of these is that it would have to be in the West of Britain. This is to facilitate easy access to the Irish raiders. At a young age, Patrick was taken captive, and taken to Ireland, so it Is important to consider how realistic suggestions such as Gaul where, in that were the Irish raiders really going to travel all the way to Gaul and back, without being caught? Charles Thomas adds to this point, by suggesting that it would be opposite the place of Patricks captivity in Ireland. The next important criterion is Patricks sense of Roman Identity. Patrick has a very strong sense of Roman Identity, so it is fair to say that his birth place would need to be a strongly Romanised part of Britain. Baring this in mind, Bannavem Taburniae would have to be south of Hadrians Wall. And the last of the three criteria, is that Patrick must have been living near a town with a civil administration centre. This is because Patricks father Calpurnius was a collector of taxes. Bearing these in mind, there have been different suggestions put forward to the location of Bannavem Taburniae. In the seventh century, Muirchà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ tells us that Bannavem Taburniae was identified as ventre. Although that does not directly help us with our identification, Bieler did find it useful when reconstructing the name as Bannaventa Taburniae. If this is correct, there was a small roman settlement in Northamptonshire. The name of this settlement was then taken and given to a place outside Daventry. However, this suggestion fails to meet one of the most important of the criteria- this area would not be very accessible to Irish raiders, as it is in the midlands. Charles Thomas believes that the only place to fulfil all three criteria would be the North West of Britain. He concludes that the most likely location is Carlisle, which entirely outweighs that of Daventry, Dumbarton or elsewhere. It is also far enough North to explain Patricks poor use of Latin. Dark warns us that any attempt to locate Bannavem Taburniae is based on assumptions, and cannot be taken as facts; however he believes the only place we can safely say for definite suffered from frequent raids by the Irish during the fifth and sixth century were the areas of Cotswolds and Dorset. There has also been a great deal of debate in regards to the location of Silva Foclutti (the wood of Foclut). It arises in Patricks narration of the call, when he says As I read the beginning of the letter, I seem to hear the voice of those who were by the wood of Foclut which is near the western sea, and they cried as with one voice, Holy Boy, we are asking you to come and walk among us again. Bury ORahilly and Hanson assume that this is referring to the place of Patricks captivity, and Mohrmann agrees, saying interpreting Patricks words seems to suggest that they are from the mouth of people from a part of the country that Patrick seems to have known from his captivity.Some scholars suggest that Patrick is speaking metaphorically here in that even at the furthermost point of Ireland; the people were calling to him. Bieler on the other hand believes that it could perhaps be a place that Patrick had heard of, but never been to, as he believed that Patricks call was from the Irish in general, and not from a specific area. There has been a great deal of difficulty in reconciling the two suggested locations of Slemish and Mayo, which are both traditionally held as the place of Patricks captivity. Tà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rechà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n himself was from that area. Others however believe that as it is the earliest identification we have, we should accept it as genuine. Patrick does give us a clue in his Confessio to the location, when he says it was near the western sea. Hanson believes that Patrick does give us further clues throughout his writings, such as when he tells us that he had to travel to a ship that was perhaps two hundred miles away. If we are to accept that, he was returning to Britain, perhaps he had to make a journey from the North coast of Mayo, to the coast of Wicklow or Wexford, diagonally across Ireland. There is also a long known tradition of Patrick tending the flocks as a boy on Mount Slemish. Hanson argues however that this does not fit the evidence of the escape story, as an escape from here would have involved only a thirty mile walk, rather than the two hundred Patrick mentions. Hanson argues that we must accept the plain evidence of his own words, and place his captivity in County Mayo, near the border with County Sligo. Bury ORahilly and Hanson all reject the location as being Slemish, however, Slemish is a mountainous area, while the area suggested around Killala is plain. Philbin and Concannon both suggest a compromise in that both localities can be accepted because Patrick changed master. We cannot be certain of the place of his captivity, and although we shouldnt accept something purely based on the fact its tradition, we also cannot dismiss a longstanding tradition In his writings, Patrick also mentions Gaul, and a strong desire to study there. This has led to some historians assuming he spent a significant portion of his life there, most likely undergoing clerical training. Patrick says he wishes to visit Gaul to see the Brethen, which may have been a desire to visit friends he made during his training. However, Binchy believes that this was merely a desire to visit the Holy men of God. Muirchà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ wrote in the seventh century, that Patrick stayed in Gaul for some thirty years, but ORahilly argued against this, saying that he got this account confused with Palladius training and ordination. The unresolved debate regarding Patrick and Gaul has led many to believe that some of the details of the life of the historical Patrick can never be resolved, and are forever lost to the historian. Others argue that the most important part of Patrick, such as his personality shall be preserved for eternity, in his own writings. There is so little historical information about Patrick that there is even conflict regarding the dating of Patrick, even his death. Charles Thomas believes that Patrick wrote his letter to Coroticus at some time between 465-475, and that the Confessio was written sometime after 480. He says that the annalistic dates from his death cluster around the early 490s may reflect with some reality, the tradition that he dies before the end of the century. In 1942, Thomas ORahilly suggested a later dating for Patricks mission, still within the fifth century. He took the evidence from the fifth and sixth century annals into account, and concluded that Patrick arrived in Ireland in 461, and died in 492/3. In conclusion, although it is very difficult to determine historical fact in regard to Patrick, if we focus on hints within his letters, scholarly opinion, and what he says himself, we can come up with some possible dates and locations for Patricks birth, mission, and death, and this will hopefully in time become more conclusive.

Brecht :: essays research papers

It is difficult to imagine a play which is completely successful in portraying drama as Bertolt Brecht envisioned it to be. For many years before and since Brecht proposed his theory of â€Å"Epic Theatre†, writers, directors and actors have been focused on the vitality of entertaining the audience, and creating characters with which the spectator can empathize. ‘Epic Theatre’ believes that the actor-spectator relationship should be one of distinct separation, and that the spectator should learn from the actor rather than relate to him. Two contemporary plays that have been written in the last thirty years which examine and work with Brechtian ideals are ‘Fanshen’ by David Hare, and ‘The Laramie Project’ by Moises Kaufman. The question to be examined is whether either of these two plays are entirely successful in achieving what was later called, ‘The Alienation Effect†. Over the course of his career, Brecht developed the criteria for and conditions needed to create Epic Theatre. The role of the audience can be likened to that of a group of college aged students or intellectuals. Brecht believed in the intelligence of his audience, and their capacity for critical analysis. He detested the trance-like state that an Aristotelian performance can lure the audience into. Plays that idealize life and humanity are appealing to an audience, and this makes it easy for them to identify with the hero, they reach a state of self oblivion. The spectator becomes one with the actor, and experiences the same fantastical climax that is unattainable in real life. â€Å"However, at the end of the performance, the audience has already experienced the highest emotional climax, the memory of which is strung along by the inevitable plot resolution. The audience has no choice but to leave with the rapidly fading memory of their dramatic stimulation and return to the underwhelming reality that awaits them outside of the theatre.† "The task of epic theatre, Brecht believes, is not so much to develop actions as to represent conditions. But to à «representà ­ does not here signify à «reproduceà ­ in the sensed used by theoreticians of Naturalism. Rather, the first point at issue is to uncover those conditions. (One could just as well say: to make them strange (Benjamin 1966, 18-9) "The art of epic theatre consists in arousing astonishment rather than EMPATHY." (Benjamin 1966,16) â€Å" ‘Theatre’ consists in this; in making live representations of reported or invented happenings between human beings and doing so with a view to entertainment.

Methods And Preferences Of Learning Styles Education Essay

Learning manner can be defined as the different methods and penchants used by scholars in the procedure of larning. Individual acquisition manner and techniques abound in such a manner that learners discover that they have a peculiar acquisition manner with small or no usage of the other manners. It is besides possible for a scholar to develop ability in less dominant acquisition manners with regard to an activity with small or no usage of his/her predominant larning manner. Hence, we can once and for all state that the best manner to larn depends on the individual ‘s ability to detect his/her ain larning manner with regard to the activity involved. The VAK theoretical account is the brief signifier of the Visual-Auditory-Kinaesthetic acquisition manners theoretical account. Harmonizing to this theoretical account, most people possess a dominant learning manner ; nevertheless some people may hold an equally balanced blend and mixed of the three acquisition manners. The VAK theoretical account is every bit depicted below: Ocular: Visual perception and Reading Ocular scholars learn best by watching a presentation, looking at artworks, or reading. These scholars will instead prefer largely images and spacial apprehension than listening to an account. An illustration of learning activity that suits this learning manner is presentation. Auditory: Listening and Speaking Auditory scholars would instead prefer listening to things being explained than reading about them. Declaiming information out loud and holding music in the background may be a common survey method, as other noises may go a distraction ensuing in a demand for a comparatively quiet topographic point. An illustration of learning activity that suits this learning manner is talking. Kinesthetic: Touch and Doing. This learning manner is besides referred to as ‘Physical ‘ , or ‘Tactile ‘ , or ‘Touchy-Feely ‘ . These scholars process information best through â€Å" hands-on † experience. They prefer â€Å" action-doing † activities instead than the â€Å" sit still † activities. An illustration of learning activity that suits this learning manner is experiential. It is worthwhile to observe that if there is a mismatch between the pupil ‘s learning manner and the instructor ‘s instruction manner the pupil will decidedly non understand what he/she is being taught ; which can finally take to hapless classs and low ego regard on the portion of the pupil. Based on the aforesaid grounds, the instructor is expected to integrate a assortment of different learning acquisition manners into his/her lesson program in order to do the lesson all inclusive and enable them to larn more efficaciously. Differentiation is defined as the act by which teachers/trainers utilizing a scope of different attacks and resources to suit the different persons in the schoolrooms. The best manner to run into student ‘s different acquisition demands is to present the course of study in a figure of different ways ; to distinguish the vehicle by which the accomplishments, cognition and constructs arrive, every bit good as showing a scope of undertakings. The ground for making this is because it ensures the maximal sum of pupil engagement, i.e. student planning, pupil appraisal and pupil determination devising. Examples of activities that are appropriate to the three identified acquisition manners are as follows: Ocular: Using highlighter pens to footnote work. Auditory: Introducing new words through linguistic communication games. Kinesthetic: By supplying chances for scholars to make things. Functional accomplishments are practical accomplishments in English, Mathematics and Information and Communication Technology ( ICT ) . These practical accomplishments which include employability, personal and developmental accomplishments are expected to be completed by Learners set abouting the 14-19 Diplomas as portion of their chief acquisition because they would shortly be used as replacing for the current accomplishments demand in apprenticeships. The makings with regard to these accomplishments have been developed up to level 2. The importance of these practical accomplishments can non be overemphasized as they are designed to let persons to work independently, efficaciously and confidently. Implanting functional accomplishments involves adding the three functional accomplishments to a specific country to be taught so that scholars can larn the particular topic in inquiry and besides at the same time develop their reading, spelling, composing, arithmetic, basic math, ICT etc. Implanting functional accomplishments need merely be at the degree of the scholars and the topic. Below are a few ways of by and large implanting functional accomplishments: Not accepting written work with hapless spelling or grammar. Offer support if necessary. Give scholars worksheets to rehearse any slippery maths Promote them to utilize your class as a ground to upgrade their IT skills It is expected that any lesson program by the teacher/trainer should hold these three different elements of functional accomplishments embedded in them. I will utilize a faculty in my specialist country ( ICT ) called Customer support proviso for IT Professionals as an illustration. The help desk client support faculty is a Flat 3 City & A ; Guilds class that teaches learners how to manage client complain and support questions in a professional mode. It is an ICT class and the scenario involves scholars working for a Support company. It consists of three chief undertakings and two bomber undertakings. Undertaking A: Learners are to react to 10 different electronic mails from clients either kicking about the support services or bespeaking for aid from the help desk. They besides have to utilize database package to log all the calls they deal with on the help desk. Embedded functional Skills in Task A: Literacy and ICT. The scholars have to write/compose a professional electronic mail response to ailments or petition which MUST be grammatically right. They besides use Microsoft entree to log the calls in a database. Undertaking B: Learners will work with a dataset on Microsoft Excel. They are to analyze the informations and so compose a study on their analysis. Their study MUST incorporate mathematical diagrams such as Pie charts, saloon charts and graphs. Embedded functional accomplishments in Task B: MATHS ( NUMERACY ) making pie charts, saloon charts, graphs AND LITERACY composing a study. Task C: Learners MUST make a press release that illustrates how to decide common support jobs. The instructions in the press release MUST be grammatically right and easy to understand and so distributed to clients. Learners besides do a short talk presentation for clients. The presentation must be based on a common support mistake. Embedded functional accomplishments in Task C: LITERACY i.e. developing a press release and carry oning a one on one presentation session. There are many other faculties similar to the one discussed above in my specialist country. These faculties are embedded with all the functional accomplishments and are designed non merely to measure the scholar ‘s degree of functional accomplishments but besides to assist them develop the needful accomplishments in employment and life. COMPLETED WORKSHEET IDENTIFYING EMBEDDED FUNCTIONAL SKILLS IN A PTLLS SESSION Keys/Basic Skills development Communication / Literacy Information Communication Technology Application of Number / Numeracy Wider Key Skills

Anorexia vs. Bulimia Essay - 2741 Words

Anorexia vs. Bulimia According to Mary Pipher, PhD, â€Å"In a city of strangers, appearance is the only dimension available for the rapid assessment of others. Thus it becomes incredibly important in defining value† (216). â€Å"Beauty is a defining characteristic for American women† (Pipher 216). She later goes on to say that, â€Å"When unnatural thinness became attractive, girls did unnatural things to be thin† (217). One of the most common unnatural things girls did to be thin were develop two popular eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. â€Å"A person may have anorexia nervosa when she diets to the point of weighing only 85 percent of ideal weight† (Kirby 68). â€Å"Unlike the anorexic, who is excessively thin, the bulimic is usually†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Anorexics tend to be compliant, approval seeking, conflict avoiding, perfectionist, socially anxious, and obsessive/compulsive, with average or above-average intelligence† (Kirby 69). â€Å"The anorexic person has an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though she is obviously underweight† (Kirby 68). Typical characteristics of an anorexic are, â€Å"skipping meals, eating in ritualistic ways, grocery shopping or cooking for the entire household but will not eat, always making excuses not to eat, becoming argumentative with people who try to help, having trouble concentrating, denying anger and withdrawing into self and becoming socially isolated† (Kirby 69). In â€Å"Eating Disorders: When Dieting Goes Too Far,† Amy Chen gives an adequate description of the symptoms of anorexia: Some symptoms of anorexia are the same as in starvation and severe weight loss. Anorexics may have dry skin, dry hair, hair loss and easily chipped fingernails, growth of body hair (lanugo), a severe drop in metabolic rate, disturbances in the hearts rhythm and rate, dangerously low blood pressure and body temperature, cold hands and feet, constipation and digestive problems, infertility, stunted growth in the young, and amenorrhea in women. Amenorrhea is defined as the absence of the menstrual period for three consecutive cycles. The danger of amenorrhea is the high increase in risk for thin, brittle bones (osteoporosis) and infertility. In severe anorexia, severe chemicalShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Vs. Bulimia Nervosa1200 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia vs. Bulimia In our culture today, people concerned with the way they look to a high extent, how much they weight, their physical appearances and how to change a body part they do not like. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders that affect a person’s weight to an extreme due to wanting to be thinner when in reality they are already thin to the bone. Both disorders have their similarities and differences from their main obsession of body weight to how they try to loseRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1303 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorder. Out of all the eating disorders, the two most common are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people, who are underweight, see themselves as overweight. People with anorexia are obsessed with weighing themselves and eat small portions of a certain type of food. Some people can also have binge-eating disorder by self-vomiting, excessive exercising and extreme dieting. Anorexia is the fear of becoming fat and in order to stay thin, the personRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1184 Words   |  5 Pages0.9 percent of women and 0.3 percent of U.S men develop anorexia, while 1.5 percent of women and 0.5 percent of men develop bulimia during their lifetime. According to Weir (2016), serious conflicts with one’s diet caused by any illnesses is known as an eating disorder. Weir (2016) goes on to explain the origins behind eating disorders in individuals. This topic is important because, in the United States, many women and men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some point in theirRead MoreThe Effect s Of Eating Disorders On Women And Young Girls839 Words   |  4 Pageswas interesting to see that people with Bulimia have more negative feelings about their disease than Anorexia. It made sense when they connected it with the statistic that people with Bulimia are more willing to change. I am curious as to why that is though and I feel as though it would be important for the field to know. Is it because of the acts that many people commit during Bulimia that are so off putting like binging and purging? Does a person with Anorexia feel as though they are not doing anythingRead MoreComparsion Study of Sexual Experience of Women with Bulimia versus Women with Anorexia920 Words   |  4 Pagescomparing the sexual experiences of women with bulimia vs. women who suffered anorexia. Similar to this experiment control groups in the past have used bulimics and anorexics (Wiederman et al., 1996a). It had been reported that women who are bulimic have greater sexual activity and experience c ompared to women with anorexia, and are more likely to engage in sexual intercourse (Wiederman et al., 1996a). In addition reports have stated that â€Å"anorexia nervosa was often precipitated by menarche and theRead MoreEye Opener : The Mind And Body1478 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most common are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating. It is only human to wish to look differently or want to lose weight; however, many young people choose an unhealthy route to achieve these goals. The main cause of Anorexia Nervosa is unknown but there a lot of leading factors such as depression, anxiety, being bullied at school, etc. â€Å"Anorexia is a complex condition that arises from a combination of many social, emotional, and biological factors† (Anorexia Nervosa: Signs, SymptomsRead MoreEye Opener : The Mind And Body1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most common are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating. It is only human to wish to look differently or want to lose weight; however, many young people choose an unhealthy route to achieve these goals. The main cause of Anorexia Nervosa is unknown but there a lot of leading factors such as depression, anxiety, being bullied at school, etc. â€Å"Anorexia is a complex condition that arises from a combination of many social, emotional, and biological factors† (Anorexia Nervosa: Signs, SymptomsRead MoreSociety’s Influence on Young Girls: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa1296 Words   |  6 Pagesdidnt read the articles. (Recovery and Support Network, 2008) I believe it is these influences of society that are leading to more and more young girls being diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. You may be saying to yourself, â€Å"I have heard of those, but what exactly are they?† Well the terms anorexia and bulimia are often confused with each other. Though they are both eating disorders, they are different, and if someone has one they do not necessarily have both. It is also a commonRead MoreSociety’s Influence on Teenagers: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa1294 Words   |  6 Pagesdidnt read the articles. (Recovery and Support Network, 2008) I believe it is these influences of society that are leading to more and more young girls being diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. You may be saying to yourself, â€Å"I have heard of those, but what exactly are they?† Well the terms anorexia and bulimia are often confused with each other. Though they are both eating disorders, they are different, and if someone has one they do not necessarily have both. It is also a commonRead MoreGender Vs. Eating Disorders894 Words   |  4 PagesGender vs. Eating Disorders More women worry about their weight than men. It is a fact that among the adults, 38% of the women and 24% of the men were trying to lose weight. When you hear about Anorexia and Bulimia most people think of females. What people do not know is tons of males suffer from the same problem. I believe males should be more looked upon when it comes to this subject. Gymnasts, runners, body builders, rowers, wrestlers, racers, dancers, and swimmers are especially helpless against