The American Political System Is The Most Effective...

The American Political system is broken, however, that is not to say it is not effective. The American Constitution is the most effective constitution ever. â€Å"The American Republic is an unprecedented political organization. It has no parallel or exemplar in history† (Jackson). The system is currently going through some difficulties, as with everything change is hard and comes slowly, this requires patience and tolerance. The American Political System has some flaws, but it is built to work through flaws. The three branches are designed to check and balance each other which allows for flaws to smooth out over time. The system is composed of people with opposing views trying to work through major domestic issues, as well as keeping the country safe. Todays society wants instant gratification and when this is not obtained the system can look broken, but given time The American Political system eventually works itself out because, â€Å"every nations has the government it deserves†. (Maistre) Todays government is made up of two powerful parties, the Democrats and the Republicans, and a less influential third party, Independents. The biggest reason the system seems to be broken is because the people within the parties don’t seem to agree on much. This is normally ok because through discourse disagreements can be ironed out, but the two major parties do not seem to want to compromise with each. This creates the gridlock on many issues we see today. Why would chosen leaders chooseShow MoreRelatedHow Democratic Is The U.s. Constitution1506 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of our country’s political systems, there were many events that occurred in which influenced new laws. One of the most significant systems implemented was the drafting of the U.S. Constitutions in 1787. These laws helped established America s national government and fundamental laws as well as guaranteed our citizens equal rights. Robert Dahl brought new light on the issue of how our nation views the U.S. Constitution and how effective it came to be. Most importantly, there is the possibilityRead MoreHow Democratic Is The American Consitution?1310 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"How Democratic Is the American Consitution?† written by Robert A. Dahl is a novel that’s main purpose is to â€Å"suggest changes in the way we think about our constitution† (Dahl 2003, p.1). Robert A. Dahl revolves his book around a few questions. However, the m ain focus of all the questions are â€Å"why should we Americans uphold our constitution† (Dahl 2003, p.1)? This question is asked because he questions why we uphold something that was written more than two centuries ago. He also questions how democraticRead MoreThe Right For Individual Legal Age Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe term, â€Å"political culture† is a concept which defines certain accepted â€Å"political values† of most people living in a given country. As applied to the United States, list and explain at least two shared political values that most people, regardless of race, creed, national origin, in the US share. Something that I believe everyone share regardless of race, National Origins and, creed is the Freedom of Liberty, the right to be free. As long as other people right aren t abused. Another thing thatRead MoreHamilton vs. Jefferson: Political Philosophies of the 1800s1120 Words   |  5 PagesTwo competing political philosophies ha ve always existed throughout the United States’ relatively short history: one seeking to increase the power of the central government, and one seeking to decrease it. During the 1800s these two conflicting philosophies were acted out by the Federalist and the Democratic Republican parties, respectively. The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, advocated the importance of a strong central government in leading the country forward, while the Democratic RepublicansRead MoreDemocracy Is The Worst Form Of Government Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment except all the others that have been tried† (Churchill as cited in Chu, 2005, para. 2). It should come as no surprise that when emerging nations are writing their constitutions, they model them after the American Constitution. Political scientists cite a number of different reasons for the success of the US Constitution; the Bill of Rights, separation of powers, and a bicameral legislature with representation based on population and equality all the top their lists. One concept often overlookedRead MoreHow Democratic Is The American Constitution Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesDemocratic is the American Constitution? is how effective the Constitution is at promoting the ideals of a democracy. For Dahl, there are several issues surrounding the Constitution, from its drafting, to its ideology, to its relevance. By analyzing Dahl’s critiques of the Constitution in terms of the parallels that exist between factions and the two-party system, the issue of unequal representation, and the necessity for the Framers to compromise on their ideals to ratify the Constitution, Dahl definedRead MoreEssay on United States Government and Federalism1473 Words   |  6 Pagesforces political actors to play to multiple, and sometimes incompatible, political bases. Compared with a unitary system of government, federalism is the most effective for new states because it grants territories a level of regional autonomy, its divisions in government lead to more effective legislative policies, and federalist governments have been able to unify during times of national crisis. Between the signing of the Constitution of the United States and the outbreak of the American CivilRead MoreThe Bill of Rights Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesIn the development process of America, its sound that legislative system has a very solid foundation for the construction of American society. The Bill of Rights as one of the successful act in America, its importance position has never been ignored. The Bill of Rights was introduced by James Madison and came into effect on December 15, 1791. It has given the powerful support for the improvements of American society. The Bill of Rights has become an essential part in guaranteeing the further developmentRead MoreThe United States Government Is The Best Policy1597 Words   |  7 Pagesas a purpose to improve and protect the lives of all American citizens. The functions of the United States government varies and operates on several different levels that include national, state, and local. Each of these levels helps the government make certain demands of its citizens. These demands and guidelines have been practiced, maintained, and developed through history. This is to promote the general welfare of the society. The American people are provided safety and order with the purposeRead MoreThe Constitution of the United States871 Words   |  4 PagesIf someone asked you what document most significantly affected America, what would your response be? In early 1787, Daniel Shay led a rebellion in Massachusetts in which the response time to put it down caused a meeting for the complete re-evaluation of the efficiency of the Articles of Confederation. The final result of that meeting was not an amendment of the Articles, but an entirely new draft called the Constitution of the United States. Since then, this document has not only been referred to

Adelphia Communications - 1101 Words

Firstname Lastname Instructor’s Name Course Number 20 July 2015 Adelphia Communications Adelphia is the 6th biggest cable television provider in the United States and, with various subsidiaries, gives services of cable television and local telephone service to customers in 32 states and Puerto Rico. Adelphia means brothers in Greek. It used to be one of Americas largest cable companies. John Rigas established the company and served as CEO and chairman. Johns son Tim was CFO, and Tims brothers, Michael, and James were Vice Presidents. All four were council members, along with Johns son-in-law Peter Venetis. The Rigases also had 100% possession of class B super-voting shares, which granted the family majority voting rights.†¦show more content†¦(Markon) The scandal came to light when the Rigases published that Adelphia was responsible for more than $2 billion in loans to family-owned entities. Outside board members took control and formed a special committee to investigate. The SEC launched a formal probe three and a half months ago and t wo grand juries, one in New York, and one in Pennsylvania began investigating. Adelphia also filed the lawsuit seeking more than $1 billion against the entire Rigas family, including Johns wife, Doris, and his daughter Ellen and son-in-law, Peter Venetis. The lawsuit accuses the family of a violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, breaching its fiduciary duties, wasting corporate assets, abusing control, breaching its contracts and other violations. The suit alleges that the Rigases regularly conducted their business activities with the sole purpose of benefiting themselves at the expense of Adelphia and borrowed company funds that either directly or indirectly, unjustly enriched the Rigas family directors and other Rigas family members. The criminal complaint, filed in federal court in New York, offers the clearest view yet of one of the biggest cases of alleged insider dealing ever. In its lawsuit, filed in federal court in Manhattan, the Commission all eges that the defendants violated the antifraud, periodic reporting, record keeping, and internal controlsShow MoreRelatedAdelphia Communications Corporation: Financial Statements1544 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial Statements The company that I have chosen to portray in my key assignment is the Adelphia Communications Corporation. The Adelphia Communications Corporation was a cable television company headquartered in Coudersport, Pennsylvania. It was owned by John Rigas and was founded in 1952; Adelphia became one of the largest cable companies in the United States. In 2002 Adelphia Corporation filed bankruptcy as a result of internal corruption. Shortly after filing bankruptcy the companyRead MoreAdelphia Communications Scandal Revealed Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesADELPHIA COMMUNICATIONS SCANDAL REVEALED ________________________________________ The Adelphia Communications Scandal Created Controversy. The Fraudster Got Sympathy From the Judge and Received a Light Sentence for Stealing From Old Folks. ________________________________________ The Adelphia Communications scandal broke in 2002 when a footnote in a routine quarterly earnings statement revealed that the Rigas family had borrowed more than $2 billion from the company. But they didnt pay it backRead MoreAdelphia Communications Scandal1563 Words   |  7 PagesAdelphia Communications scandal Matthew Tassin Trident University Ethics 501 Introduction Adelphia Communications Company was a television cable company whose headquarters centered in Coudersport, Pennsylvania. It ranked as the fifth most prestigious cable companies in United States. John Rigas is the founder of the company. The company was highly respected until an infamous scandal ensued following claims of bankrupt in 2002, at which time its headquarters relocated to greenwood VillageRead MoreThe Adelphia Communications scandal Essay1882 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The Adelphia Communications scandal occurred in March, 2002 when three of the original founding family members which included the father John Rigas, and two of his sons Michael and Timothy, along with two other company executives were arrested for improperly taking assets from the nation’s sixth-largest cable television company. The scam involved one of the biggest financial frauds faced by a publically held company. In the end stakeholders were forced to absorb massive losses asRead MoreThe Adelphia Communications Scandal John Rigas started Adelphia Communcations in 1952 with the800 Words   |  4 Pages The Adelphia Communications Scandal John Rigas started Adelphia Communcations in 1952 with the help of two partners, but soon bought it out. The company was taken public in 1986 and as a result would have to abide by the regulations of the SEC. By the early 2000s, Adelphia was one of the top cable companies in the United States. This was the peak of a corporation that would begin a downward spiral over the first half of 2002 as a result of fraudulent use of the company’s assets at its’ shareholdersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adelphia Debacle 1418 Words   |  6 PagesAldo Toomepuu 1 November 2015 ACG 6936 The Adelphia Debacle Some have been ensnared in the net of excessive debt. The net of interest holds them fast, requiring them to sell their time and energies to meet the demands of creditors. They surrender their freedom, becoming slaves to their own extravagance. ~Joseph B. Wirthlin Background At first glance this appears to be to another post-Enron big corporation fraud scandal. It was one of the first big cases tried after Enron. However, thereRead MoreAccounting Ethics1315 Words   |  6 Pagesmore conducive to ethical behavior. The ethical breaches in recent times, Weygandt, Kimel, Kieso( 2012) researched that â€Å"financial press open full articles and documents facts about financial scandals at Enron, WorldCom, HealthSouth, AIG, Adelphia Communication and Cable and more. As the scandal came to light people did not play the stock market if they believe that the stock prices were rigged.† Weygandt, Kimel, Kieso (2012) researched that; â€Å"the United States government regulators and lawmakersRead MoreForensic Paper1628 Words   |  7 Pages I think five of the skills that a forensic account would need are communication skills, detail oriented, professional and ethical behavior, sound judgment and discretion. Communication skills are vital in any profession. It allows you to convey information for others to receive. The problem with communication is that it can be interpreted differently by other intended parties. As a forensic accountant, communication skills, verbal and non verbal, are important when it comes to conductingRead MoreJohn Rigas Founded Adelphia Communications Corporation1829 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Rigas founded Adelphia Communications Corporation (â€Å"ACC†) in 1952 for $300. The company was fittingly named Adelphia, Greek for brother, as it employed generations of Rigas family. Skip ahead twenty years; Adelphia officially became incorporated. Roughly ten years later, John Rigas bought out his brother Gus’ stake, and his three sons became employees of Adelphia. His son-in-law was also the head of the board of directors. This positioned the Rigas family into all of the senior executiveRead MoreAdelphia: Lying, Cheating, and Stealing920 Words   |  4 Pagesis Adelphia Communications and the Riga family. In the late 1990s, Adelphia Communications was a major cable operator with over 5 million subscribers. In 2002, the SEC pressed charges against the founders (Rigas family) and accused founder John Rigas of taking $2.3 billion from the company to buy stock and invest in a golf course. Also alleged was for years Rigas and his two sons falsified Adelphia’s earning, costing investors more than $60 billion. John Rigas formed Adelphia Communications in

Coniferous Forests free essay sample

Where the tundra gives way to trees is called the evergreen coniferous forest or the taiga. A large portion of the earth is covered with coniferous forests extending to the warmer regions. The climate of the evergreen forests is pleasant in the summer with temperature rising into the eighties with cool evenings. Winters are usually very harsh dropping as low as -65 degrees Fahrenheit in some areas, but barely below freezing in others. The rainfall of this biome varies from 12 to 33 inches per year. Some of this moisture comes from snow and sleet. Some of the smaller trees can become completely covered in snow. Oddly enough this snow covering protects the small trees from intense cold and dehydration that can occur. The sides of many mountains are covered with coniferous forests. The trees on the sides of the mountain are thin so that the snow will slide off of them without breaking them. We will write a custom essay sample on Coniferous Forests or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For protection from the wind, the trees grow very close together. Their sturdy, weather resistant needles can last for over a year. Needles resist harsh weather while conserving water and making food through photosynthesis. Even after an intense winter, as soon as the weather is warms enough the needles are ready to go back to work. The trees also have a tough and thick bark that can help resist summer fires. The evergreens trees produce seeds in cones, and use wind for pollination. Since the trees are so close wind pollination is extremely easy. If you go into a densely populated forest in the spring you can often see that the air will be yellow because of floating pollen.

Hip Hop Exploitation of Black Women free essay sample

Two videos correlated to my research paper. One in particular is called the Dreamless 3: Desire, Sex and power in music video. This video written by Suit Shall, examines the representation of women, men, and sexuality in music videos. In essence, the purpose of this video is to assert that music videos, not unlike other forms of advertising and popular culture, represent the pornographic Image by offering a degraded and limited view of female sexuality based on narrowly defined adolescent heterosexual male fantasies.In greater detail, this film Is fairly modern and encompasses the similar Instances of how not only women, but both male and females are gazed upon through music videos. This film Is very popular for addressing the video Tip Drill, which Is a term that refers to women having sex with multiple men In exchange for money. In Dalton, the rapper In this same music video, Newly swipes a credit card through a womans backside. We will write a custom essay sample on Hip Hop Exploitation of Black Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was very disturbed at the music video Tip Drill, I could not believe how explicit this video was and how the died was still being played continuously on B.E. T. And MET. Another film that relates to this topic is called Beyond, Beats, and Rhymes by Byron Hurt. I saw this film in my African American Studies 248 course and was immediately intrigued by the way in which this film examines manhood, homophobia in the hip hop culture, and last but not least, sexism. Both of these films have a lot of similarities such as challenging the way in which hip hop has changed for the worst and poses questions as to how we can fix it back to its natural root.

The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, is Essay Example For Students

The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, is Essay a story about a familys epicStruggles of survival during the time of the depression. Tom, the eldest son of the JoadFamily, finds himself in a unique when he must leave his home and head out toCalifornia with his family. As Tom and his family headed West on their journey, hefound himself as the leader of the family after his grandpa had died and his fatherwas not thinking straight. Throughout the journey, Tom and his mother took care of thefamily and did the best they could to maintain order in the family. Tom was a good, reasonable person. Sure he had been locked in Prison for fouryears, but that was only because he got in a drunken fight and killed a man with ashovel. But Tom was only defending himself, he didnt mean to kill the man, but he did. In prison, Tom kept to himself and didnt talk much. He probably figured that was theonly way he was going to get out of prison sooner. And his patience paid off, because hewas released in four years, instead of seven. When Tom got home, he realized thatnothing was left. All of the houses were torn down and everyone was gone. If Tom hadntseen his old neighbor Muley, he might have never seen his family again. After Muley hadtold Tom that his family was with his Uncle John, he set out to his Uncles house withhis old friend, Casy. As soon as Toms mother saw him standing in the doorway, she wasso happy that Her head sank slowly to her side and the fork she was holding in herhand hit the floor (Steinbeck 80). After Tom had re-acquainted himself with everyone inhis family, they all sat down and had breakfast. After breakfast, they all discussed andplanned their journey to California. We will write a custom essay on The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, is specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After Tom and his family decided when they were leaving, Tom had to give itsome serious thinking before he decided to leave. Since he was out on parole, he couldnot leave the state, or else he would get sent back to jail for the remaining three years ofhis sentence. But, Tom realized that his family needed him with them, so he decided to gowith them. Besides, Tom figured that if he just did not get into any trouble in California,he would be fine. Tom and his family left the next morning at daylight. They tookHighway 66, the main migrant road across the country (Steinbeck 127). The trip was along one, But Tom and his family managed to get there. Unfortunately, Toms familysuffered many losses. Toms grandpa died on the way to California, and Toms grandmadied in California, but she wasnt able to see the mountains and great valleys ofCalifornia. Noah, Toms brother, got left behind somewhere in the Mojave Desert becausehe just walked away down a river. Casy, made it to California, but he w as taken into jailfor hitting a cop at one of the Hoovervilles. Once Tom and his family found work, timeswere not that bad. But when they could not find any work, things got bad. So Tom andhis family had to leave the first couple of places they stayed at because they needed foodand money. Tom realized that his family needed someplace they could go to where theywould be treated good and where they could be clean. He decided to take his family toone of the government camps that people had been talking about. So Tom took his familyto a government camp and they lived pretty good, but only for a short while. .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 , .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .postImageUrl , .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 , .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3:hover , .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3:visited , .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3:active { border:0!important; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3:active , .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3 .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60a3f279a9ebb75622ada628d2194bd3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cano-1 EssayAt the government camp, life was good. There were bathrooms, showers, and placesto wash clothes. Tom and his family lived for only a month. They would have stayedlonger, but the family could not find work. So Tom and his family set off. They hadheard of some possible work not too far away. When they got to Hooper Ranch, the copslined them up on the road and sent them in to the ranch. The work there wasnt sogood. They were paid five cents for every box of peaches that they picked. Things wouldnot have gotten so bad if Tom had not attacked a cop. But Tom only did it in selfdefense. Besides, the cop that he hurt had killed his old friend Casy, right in front of hi sface. Tom had met up with Casy the night that he hurt the cop. It turns out that Casyhad gotten to Hooper Ranch before Tom and his family. Casy said that when he arrived,they were offering only two and a half cents per box of peaches. So, Casy and his newfriends protested. Thats why the wage went up to five cents, because were needed to pickthe peaches. But as soon as the cops stopped the protest, the wage was going back downto two and a half cents. Well after Tom had been beaten for what he did, he went backto his shelter and told his family what had happened. They all decided that they shouldleave immediately. But Tom hesitated. He knew that if they left, the cops would belooking for him. But Toms mother would not let him leave. She pleaded him to stay andfinally Tom agreed. He probably realized that he would be better off with his family forthe time being. So the Joad family left Hooper Ranch and set off to someplace else. Onthe road, the Joad family found a place where there we re many abandoned boxcars wherethey could live. They settled down there and began looking for a job. They found a jobpicking cotton, but that job soon was gone because of all the people that were picking. Tom on the other hand, was hiding. He had agreed with his mother to stay hidden atleast until his wounds healed up. Tom didnt like the idea, he still preferred going offsomewhere in his own, but he agreed to stay. Toms secrecy was soon broken when hissister Ruthie had threatened a girl that her big brother would beat up the other girlsbrother. But also Ruthie also mentioned that he had already killed two men and was outhiding waiting to kill another. As soon as Mrs. Joad heard about this, she knew she hadto tell her son to flee. Tom was not too happy about her offering him money to leave,but he knew it was for the best, so he took the money. After Mrs. Joad returned to theboxcars, it began to rain heavily and the cars became flooded. The Joad family knew theyhad to leave, so they did. The family found A rain-blackened barn that was just acrossthe highway (Steinbeck 498). The family went there and received shelter from the heavyrain. In conclusion, Tom was a person who took responsibility for his actions. He tookcare of his family when they needed him the most, but in the end, he did what was bestfor the family, he left them. He knew that if he had stayed, he would have only been aburden to them because the cops would have been looking for him. Besides, he knew thathe would have put his family in danger if he had stayed. .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 , .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .postImageUrl , .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 , .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34:hover , .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34:visited , .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34:active { border:0!important; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34:active , .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34 .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81eea322d5fb2025df60457b82d4df34:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Racial Profiling EssayBibliographyWorks CitedSteinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books. 1967

The Winning Goal essays

The Winning Goal essays After a difficult combat season the varsity soccer team played their last game before districts. The game determined if the team went to districts and if they did win, what they would rank. For a school known exclusively for academics we wanted to shine. The scoreboard glowed with the tie score of one to one after a 90-minute game leaving both teams exhausted and anxious at the same time. We stopped for a five-minute break while our goalie powdered her gloves and got ready to go back into the goal. Penalty Kicks, although nerve wrecking, would reveal the final winner. Coach Bayles picked five girls to take the kicks; the outcome of the game depended on them. Kicker one-leslie, Kicker two-Maria, Kicker three- Melissa... as my coach called out names my stomach tightened. My heart came up to my throat and I did not want to set my sight on him for fear he would pick me. I did not want to cause the loss for my team. My legs fidgeted nervously as I starred down at my cleats digging into the ground. When I heard my name my whole stomach turned upside down; I felt nauseous. The five selected players stood up and walked toward the midfield. We sat down quietly with out speaking until it came our turn to kick, rotating off with the opposing team. The opposing teams first two players scored and so did ours. Two to two, a good start, until unfortunately they made their third kick and we missed ours. Two to three, the South Ridge coach yelled from the sideline, We have this girls. I remember looking back toward the bench where the rest of our team sat holding hands. Both our coaches stood leaning on the orange water jug with their large cups of water for their extra dry cotton throats. The reaction resulted from the excessive screaming during the game and at this point their nerves kept them immobile and silent. The other players remained silent also. No one carried conversations ...

Folding and Aggregation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Folding and Aggregation - Essay Example The three dimensional structures of proteins aid in delineating protein functions at a molecular level and the structure of proteins are determined usually with X ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy etc. Some structural features of proteins would be necessary to perform certain biochemical functions although multifunctional and structural proteins may have higher number of residues than the average of 300 residues. Large aggregates are formed as a result of folding from protein subunits and actin molecules also assemble into actin filaments. The protein structure has four distinct features including amino acid sequence of peptide chains as seen in a primary structure, secondary structures which are regular sub structures, such as strands of beta sheet, tertiary structure as seen in the three dimensional structure of a single protein molecule and quaternary structure which represents a complex of polypeptide chains and protein molecules (Copley, 1997; Berg, 2002). Proteins tend to transition between structures to perform the biological functions and this would be known as conformational changes. The primary structure of proteins with amino acid sequences would be held together by covalent peptide bonds and the extremities of the amino acid chains are known as carboxy terminus (C - terminus) and amino terminus ( N -terminus). The secondary structures are defined by their patterns of hydrogen bonds between the peptide groups although these bonds are generally not too stable except in conditions when the water concentration is low as in molten globule or fully folded states (Urbanc et al, 2006). The non specific interactions and propensities of amino acids would lead to the formation of molten globules. The tertiary structure shows structurally specific interactions within the protein domain with side chains and hydrogen bonds. The disulfide bonds tend to stabilize the tertiary structures of extra cellular proteins and reduce entropy in an unfolded state. The 4 levels of protein structure are given diagrammatically as follows - Figure I - From Columbia.edu, biology courses, 2005 handouts The formation of proteins could be explained as the combination of two amino acids in a condensation reaction and long chains of residues such as amino acids in peptide bond. The sequence of amino acids forms the primary structure of the peptide or protein and is determined by a gene. Within the primary structure, a sequence of nucleotides in DNA is transcribed into mRNA and this is translated by a ribosome and the sequence tends to define the structure and functions of the protein and would be unique to any specific protein. Determining the sequence of nucleotides within the primary structure would actually help in defining the protein (Berg, 2002; Copley, 1997). In the secondary structure, alpha helix and beta sheet saturate the peptide and secondary structures tend to occur most frequently in most proteins. The secondary structure elements tend to have a regular geometry with specific values and are usually folded into a shape with loops and turns (Berg, 2002, Copley, 1997). Terti ary structures are formed with interactions such as hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions and

Air Pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Air Pollution - Research Paper Example Both humans as well as the nature have been held responsible for the emission of pollutants in the air. The emission of these pollutants is the reason behind the occurrence of air pollution. Various human activities have been found to heavily contribute to the increase in air pollution.One of the human activities that are constantly increasing the levels of air pollution is the emission of harmful gasses from organizations that produce goods to satisfy human needs. The most common form of air pollutants that is emitted by the industries includes carbon monoxide as well as other chemicals. Another reason due to which pollutants are released in air is the burning down of fossil fuels through airplanes as well as automobiles. Individuals try to keep their homes as well as crops free from insects and pests with the assistance of pesticides and other clearing products and these products release harmful chemicals that result in air pollution. According to Jacoby, the vehicles that travel o n road account for more than 90% of the carbon dioxide.Those who are harming the environment are those who are being negatively impacted by their own actions. Air pollution has been found to be negatively impacting all living things including plants, animals as well as hum beings. Air pollution has been found to result in impacting human health in a negative manner and these effects are both long term as well as short term. The level of impact is directly correlated with the level and length of time an individual is being exposed to these pollutants

The Attitude of the Youth towards Classical Music Essay

The Attitude of the Youth towards Classical Music - Essay Example There is a need o discuss the opinions of the youth on the subject.  .  Personal preferences and liking have  a strong link to the field of consumer behavior. Personal choices of the consumer depend on the background they come from and the life style they lead. Music is enjoyed by almost all segments of the population. Each segment has their own tastes of music, they may vary from soulful to rock, pop and even classical music. The section liking classical music is reducing and especially in the younger generation. we don’t find many people that like classical music.  According to Philip Hart  (1973), the data available of the entire mass of the American orchestra depicts that the information is less concrete considering any aspect related to its audience. The symphony orchestra has diversified instruments; with time the composers have to work with complex things and their works written are more intricate that are suitable to the artistic needs required (Unger-Hamilton et. al 1988).Traditional music has become obsolete in today’s lifestyle, and the essence of music is focused more towards the bodily rhythmic movements  and the catchy notes  that provides, rather than the main influence  and quintessence of the form o f classical music. The need for classical music has been eradicated and the thirst for pop music is both commanding and influential.  Classical music is considered as the most primitive form of music. Sadly, the youth today gives no importance and holds no desires to learn classical music.  In many cultures the study of classical music was a must but youth nowadays are losing interest in learning this genre of music. In this chapter the topic of classical music will be introduced giving an introduction related with the younger generation.  The history of classical music will be observed and its quintessential nature will be brought into discussion.   

Western Style Fast Food In China

Western Style Fast Food In China In this section, we first apply Five Forces model to investigate all kinds of competition facing western fast food industry in China which contains competition between western fast food enterprises and Chinese fast food enterprises. The markets of tableware and beverage are both competitive, and the purchasing rate of raw materials is relatively low compared with other materials, therefore these suppliers are poor at capability of pricing. As for other raw materials like chicken and potatoes and so on, since that the prices of agricultural products have been rising in recent years, suppliers of these materials gain more power on pricing. (2)Competitors: the other western fast food brands in China are McDonalds and so on. All these brands enjoy their own reputation, and are operated in chain. The food and service they offer are of high quality. Particularly, they all expect huge potentials in fast food industry in China, so they are willing to invest larger amount money opening more restaurants in China. Therefore the competition between them tends to be more intensive in the future. (3)Consumers: at present, if one Chinese consumer is willing to buy western fast food it means that he (or she) has already accepted the price. Generally, the bargaining power of one single consumer in western fast food industry is weak. But it does not hold for those group consumers. For now, most western fast food enterprises focus on discrete consumer, and if they want to occupy a fraction of group consumers market, They should also apply flexible pricing strategies and enhance their bargaining power with consumers. (4)Substitution: in recent years, more and more Chinese begin to pay attention on diet health, which promotes the development of Chinese fast food. The reasonable price and rich varieties of Chinese fast food has press the expansion of western fast food in China. (5)Potential entrants: relatively speaking, the entry barriers of western fast food are high. Because these western fast food requires large funds input, great brands reputation, economies of scale and so on. But we should also predict that with capability of investing strengthened and management improved for Chinese enterprises, they probably enter western fast food market and enjoy great success in it. Through Five Forces mode we can find that western fast food industry in China is still of great profitable potential, and the competition between western fast food enterprises and Chinese fast food enterprises will intensify, which implies that both of western fast food enterprises and Chinese fast food enterprises should cultivate their own competitiveness 4.2Brief introduction about KFC in China As one of the most popular western style fast food brands, KFC(Kentucky Fried Chicken) belongs to the worlds largest food group -Yum food group . This largest food group includes about 30,000 KFC Dining-room, pizza hut and TacoBell restaurants which are distributed in more than 100 countries and regions of the world. On November12, 1987, KFC entered into Beijing, which is the capital city of China. After that, more KFC chain restaurants have been established in more cities such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Xiamen etc. And even people who live in those small towns can also have the access to western style fast food. Until now, there are about two thousand one hundred KFC chain stores distributed around almost hour hundred and fifty cities except Tibet. KFC has been the largest fast food chain restaurant in China at the greatest speed of expansion(www.kfc.com.cn). 4.3 Core competitiveness of KFC in China During over twenty years development in China, KFC has been always and constantly integrated and taken advantage of limited resources and capability in China, and have gradually cultivated its unique abilities during the business operation, which are not easily imitated by its rivals but also could bring it extra profits. Abilities like that are named core competitiveness of KFC by our researchers. This kind of competitiveness can make one or several business operations are of first rate in the world or of greater advantages over its competitors(Aaker,1989). (1) Standardization of management. The research by KFC on their standardization management is amazing. In order to ensure that people around the whole world can enjoy the food of exactly same taste, KFC investigated in detail into every single processing program to obtain corresponding quantitative standard. There is no doubt that standardization is KFCs core knowledge competitive ability(Stephen,1992). (2). Localization. KFCs franchise mode is quite special, with unique Chinese characteristics. Its not starting from zero joining way is acceptable by those Chinese investors. In addition, KFC applied material resources integration into its management. From the very day when it entered into China, KFC has been determined to provide food which is right for Chinese taste. For now, KFC purchase the raw material fully from local providers. (3). Great brand power. These days, the internet is highly developed and information is commonly shared by people around the world, which makes it a good way to publicize KFCs brand more easily and efficiently. Based on parent companys terrific and strong brand reputation, KFC in China are as well known by almost each household, even for those who have not been to KFC. (4). Reasonable Location of restaurant. Same as McDonalds location, every time, KFC restaurants location is successful. No wonder that these two famous and popular western style fast food restaurants are usually located besides each other. 4.4 Competitive strategy of KFC in China Enterprises usually choose those strategies which can bring them competitive advantages. According to Potter theory(Porte,1997), ones competitive advantage is either from less cost than competitors or from obvious differentiations from its rivals. So competitive strategies include the following three types: cost leadership strategy, the differentiation strategy and centralization strategy. If enterprises through their innovative design, technical potential ability or outstanding brand image and so on seek to provide different products, unique services, this strategy is called differentiation strategy which is based on a broader market comparing with centralization strategy (Prahalad, Hamel,1990). Here, we highlight the differentiation strategy as it is the major and most important strategy not only for KFC but also for other successful western style fast food restaurants such as McDonalds. By its definition, it means that according to their own product positioning, one develops its o wn new products and establishes its competitive strategies in terms of supplier management strategy, brand strategy, talent strategy and so on. (1) Product strategy: product localization. On KFCs menu, there are some main varieties which not only in China, and even around the world are standardized and unified. But, in aspect of product innovation and uniqueness, KFC spares no effort to meet the different needs of customers in China. Since the mid 1990s, it was determined to build KFC as an influent brand which fulfills Chinese demands. To ensure the execution of this thinking and working direction, In 2000, KFC sincerely invited 40 national food nutrition experts to establish the Chinese KFC health consulting committee(www.kfc.com.cn). In 2004, due to KFC products innovation and localization strategy, it broke the boundaries between the western style fast food and traditional Chinese fast food, resulting in more new consumer market. At present, of more than 30 new products in Chinas regional market launched by KFC, at least half of them are of the Chinese characteristic. Some varieties even hit the consumer market since they learned from eight famous Chinese cuisines . For those products aiming at Chinese people , such as fresh vegetarian soup, cold rice, corn salad, old Beijing chicken and etc enjoy a wide popularity among people for its deep Chinese flavor. On summer of 2004, Guangdong province, the traditional old cool tea named WangLaoji, which is a traditional drink brand originated from Guangdong province, formally appeared on KFCs counter. This is the first time for KFC to introduce completely and directly traditional Chinese product into its food menu rather than indirectly improve these traditional food. Besides the deepening of localization strategies, KFC is now studying on consumers preferences within a region, in order to promote the regional localization strategy in the future. It has been over 20 years since KFC entered China. Now, KFC ranks first in fast food industry in China, largely owing to its localization strategy. In the Chinese market, KFC launches 1.5 new products per month averagely, and the turnover from KFC in China a lready is the powerful and main support for the headquarters profits. (2)Target strategies: focusing on families For fast food industry, the most commonly used method for target market positioning is to divide the consumer market based on demographic factors. Other factors such as region factors, customer psychological factors and customer consumption behavior factors are less taken into account(Emerson,1990). Of demographic factors, western fast food industry mainly considers age as market positioning variables. KFCs target markets are families, which mainly include consumption of young people and young parents with their children(Gould,2002). Dining environment aims at providing family reunion, warm dinner atmosphere. And because of its product diversification and the localization of taste, KFC managed to attract more people of all ages, particularly, with elders included. A few years ago, KFC launched the family meal, which is quite enough for a whole family to eat. In addition, being different from McDonalds publicity and dynamic advertising, or inviting stars to join the advertisement, the feature of the image of KFC is its simplicity and implicative style, the warmth and love. (3)Brand image strategy: localization With more attention is paid to brand image individuation by the enterprises, KFC in China have paid more attention to Chinese consumers psychology. Not only the information into life they would like to spread, but also the concept change for China to make a new fast food. In each brand image details, KFC is characterized by obvious Chinese culture features. KFC restaurants in China use a new mark and adornment concept. Not only a very smart appearance, all visual elements like dining-room design, advertising, food packaging, staff uniforms, public goods have been armed with new visual marks. Even the KFC grandpa also changed into traditional Chinese costumes on Chinese traditional festivals. By doing this, KFC publicized its brand and marketing. Since people like to focus on changes or fresh things, while invariable things easily cause visual fatigue, failing stimulating people sensory and becoming the focusing centre naturally. Hence, from the strategic height, KFC sent signals of c hanging to the media as well as consumers. KFC successfully made itself the social attention centre by gathering the public attentions, eventually smoothly spread its brand strategy and tactics to the public. SuJingShi, China regional President of Yum KFC once said: Since the entry into China in 1987, KFC has always been able to insist on the concept of Chinese brand building, and devote every effort to make it. Under this localization concept, the distance between KFC and Chinese customers is continuously getting closer. Building Chinese brand means putting Chinese flavour into its brand building. In this way, it will definitely leave a more obvious trace of localization. (4)Talent strategy: localization. KFCs talent localization, not only embodies in grass-roots employees, but more importantly, in the high-level management. From the first store in China until now, KFCs talent localization strategy have never been changed and even enhanced. KFC cultivate and promote and use local talents, giving full play to their comparative advantages due to their more familiarity with policy environment and local market features. At present, KFC has employed eight general managers from Mainland Chinas total managers who are responsible sixteen markets in China respectively. Those senior management personnel who are directly responsible for the operation of restaurant such as operation manager, regional manager and Hall manager are recruited locally. Those local management personnel can better understand the local demand, master the local consumer psychology and consumption habits, quickly discover local market growth point, more accurately grasp the market pulse and timely make strategic adjustment (Caudron,1991), which helps KFC to win out competing against others. In order to better implement talent localization strategy, KFC creatively put forward the framework with great Chinese characteristics of double departments: the operation department, HR and training department. This framework has a nickname two HR departments. ChenYaqing, the operating training senior manager of Yum China introduced: the case that a special independent department is established from human resource training operations department is not common in the world. The importance of the Chinese market determines the necessity to do so. We can see from this the great determination of talent strategy of KFC. (5)Supplier management strategy: humanization KFCs raw materials are all provided by local enterprises, so KFCs rapid development also stimulates the development of various related raw material supply industries in China. Currently, about 95% of food and packing materials are provided by suppliers in China. Based on principle of common interests, KFC introduces local suppliers brand new management concepts and advanced technologies, and offers them active training programs and generous help especially for those suppliers who are sometimes in difficulty. Through this, KFC has formed strategic partners with local suppliers in China. Firstly, expanding the scale of the domestic suppliers. KFC took active measures to make its twenty five domestic suppliers who are distributed in the twenty seven cities and regions are now the most outstanding in industry. For example, Zhucheng Foreign Trade Corporation in Shandong province, being in relationship with KFC for more than five years has become the largest county foreign trade corporatio n. Secondly, localization of overseas suppliers. KFC has been actively encouraging foreign suppliers to enter into China to establish local factories. For the past few years, KFC have succeed in promoting seventeen products localization which originally have to be imported from overseas suppliers. KFC Continuously integrated suppliers around itself, and established a strategic cooperation partnership with them. The attitude KFC treated with suppliers reflected the humanistic concern and Chinese characters. 5. S.W.O.T analysis of Chinese fast food enterprises Taking KFC as a typical example of western style fast food enterprises, we have showed the competitiveness and competitive strategies they adopt. To compete successfully against with them, what strategies should our Chinese fast food enterprise adopt? To answer this question, an S.W.O.T analysis may be effective. And when it comes to analysis on external opportunities and threatens, we could also apply PEST analysis. 5.1 External Opportunities (O) 5.1.1 Economical factors: (1) Economy of China grows at high rate. Since the policy of Reform and Opening-up in 1978, Chinas government has constantly taken economic development as the center, persisting in Reform and Opening up. For a recent decade, Chinas economy increased at an average rate over 10%.(www.stats.gov.cn) Even during the Southeast Asian Financial Crisis in 1998 and financial crisis recently, under the impact of world economic shock , Chinas economic performance is the best among the world. (1)Industry has a huge potential for development. Although with peoples living standards improving, the proportion of the third industrys output to GDP is increasing, but compared with the western developed countries, China is still low in proportion of the third industry to GDP. While the third industry is a good way to increase employment, social wealth as well as peoples effective living standard, so there must be a huge potential for development of third industry in China. As part of the third industry, the output of the fast food industry in China has increased at average rate of 16%, even during bad times like the Southeast Asian Financial Crisis, it enjoyed the rate over 16% (www.stats.gov.cn). In fact, the national bureau of statistics in China considered the fast food industry as one of the industries with the greatest economic growth, which revealed that the fast food in China would become a promising industry in the future. 5.1.2 Political factors: (1)Great policy support. In order to support Chinas fast growth, in march of 1997, Foreign Trade Department in China issued à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  the Chain Stores Operating Normsà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, later à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  Development Program of Fast Food Industry in Chinaà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹in September of 1997, and à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  The Commercial Franchising Management Measuresà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹(for trial implementation) in November of 1997. All these documents pointed out the guiding principles, development target, the main task, organization in the implementation and measures. (2) Political stability The good investment environment, huge market and abundant tourism resources, attracted a large number of investors and tourists, thus making fast food become a indispensable need for businessman, tourists and other people who are occupied by outdoors activities. (4)Chinas entering into WTO promotes development of fast food industry. Firstly, the fast food industrys raw material costs would decline and the quality would be improved. According to the agreements between China and American, China would open part of its grain market after entering into WTO. China would import 30million tons grain with high-quality, accounting for about 6% of Chinas whole grain market. These imported grain included One thousand tons of wheat, seven hundred tons corn six hundreds tons of rice, five hundred tons of soybean meal, four hundred tons of soybean and three hundred and thirty tons of soybean oil, meanwhile some special breeds of certain fruit and meat .Because of the low price and good quality of import products, this will push domestic enterprises to reduce costs and improve quality. Secondly, it is helpful to expand the use of foreign capital and improve manufacturing processing equipments technological level. According the principle of national treatment, foreign investors will be treated as same as Chinese domestic enterprises. Further more, the Chinas legal policies are becoming more transparent, it is easier for foreign investors to well predict market risk and profit condition. We have great confidence that foreign investors will invest in fast food industry. This can solve domestic capital insufficient contradiction, also can improve food Industry processing technology and management level, to produce scientific and modern Chinese food. Thirdly, it is advantageous for Chinas fast food enterprises to compete in the international market. Under the framework of WTO, each members of WTO reduce tariff rate and eliminate barriers, and open services trade market. Our domestic fast food enterprises can enjoy national treatment, which helps to create opportunities for them to walk towards the world. Chinese food, especially the various cuisines, enjoy high reputation and consumers big welcome. If the traditional crafts with modern scientific technology can be perfectly combined, with good quality and reasonable price, Chinese fast food will be bound to succeed In the international market. Fourthly, it is helpful to accelerate the strategic reorganization of Chinese fast food enterprises. The large restaurant brand enterprise groups, with the establishment of fair market competition system, the competition among domestic fast food enterprises and between domestic fast food enterprises and foreign ones will tend to be more intense. After that, however, some large restaurant brand enterprise group, with the appropriate scale and regional across, will be formed. 5.1.3 Social factors: Although more young people love to enjoy western style fast food, most of adults still prefer Chinese fast food. It is no doubt that in the future, people will definitely pay more attention on diet health. And since Chinese people are rooted on their profound diet culture, it is not easy for them to shift away from tradition. Moreover, this advantages over western style fast food can be enhanced as long as Chinese fast food enterprises develop suitable strategies to assure the quality, tastes, service as well as to improve the management. 5.1.4 Technological factors: In fact, a great of the success of western style fast food should attributed to technological progress which also do good to Chinese fast food enterprises. Owing to more advanced and sophisticated cooking equipments, it costs less time to provide and offer Chinese food. Additionally, the cooking process can be divided into small pieces and each piece can be controlled, which ensures the finest quality of food and make standardization feasible. 5.2 External Threatens (T) (1) Fast expansion of western style fast food in China. In 1987 on November 12, the first KFC restaurant was established in Beijing .about 20years later in 2007, the chain stores of Yum KFC group in China has amounted about two thousand and one hundred. During the period of time , McDonalds, pizza hut, Japanese, Italian pizza all entered into China In succession, in order to share the huge Chinese consumption .not only did these western style fast food occupied consumption market, they also changed gradually the diet concept of Chinese people. (2) The competitive advantages of western style fast food enterprises are strengthened. Based on competition principles of fairness, openness, justification, the foreign enterprises in China usually implement localization strategy to reduce the cost. In China, however, there are many and serious defects in talent incentive mechanism and income distribution system, so the foreign enterprises with good training mechanism, and competitive compensation And scientific personnel management mode, will attract large quantities of outstanding management and professional talents. Until the end of 2000, the total KFC staff in China is 2.4 million, of them, More than 5,000 members are restaurants managers or function managers. During the early period time after KFCs entering in to China, the raw materials were fully imported abroad. But nowadays, being fully provided locally, resulting in KFCs operating costs further reduced, the competitive advantages further strengthen. (3) Competition between industries is intense. In the past, hotels and restaurants confined their consumption market to people with median or high income level. Because this market has been saturated, now the restaurants shift their attentions to a broader need of the public. Usually, in order to attract more consumers, the restaurants nowadays provide the food at a very reasonable price. Further more, to satisfy different tastes of different kinds of consumers, more varieties and flavors of food have been developed. More and more restaurants begin to operate their business in a chain and systematic way, which lowers the operation costs quite a lot. (4) A large number of potential entrants From the perspective of investment capital, the general financing volume is not very high. According to the à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  Chinese Fast Food Industry Research Reportà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, to invest one fast food store, the minimum investment capital requires 100 thousand Yuan, and the maximum investment capital is 1million Yuan. Usually, the former which need a smaller volume money are Chinese fast food chain enterprises, while the latter which need a larger volume of money tend to be western fast food chain enterprises. Investment above includes training fee and decoration expenses and so on. From the view of technology, the technologic barriers of fast food industry are not very high neither. From the view of the market situation, diet is an important competent of social activities for people and also serves as a main way for intercourse among people. Especially, the long history of thousands of years of the diet culture determines that the consumption market of fast food industry is huge. Factors like high return on investment, stable consumption market make fast food industry the investing hot, with a large number of investors in. (5) Diet culture changing. Over the world, it is impossible that the food demand structure of one country keep invariant, without being influenced by foreign food culture. This even applies to countries like China, France and Italy which all have a proud diet culture. It is inevitable that new varieties of food and cooking methods from other countries or regions will affect another nation food demand structure(Shone, Nobuhiro, Kaiser, 2000). The more open of one nation, the easier the food demand structure of itself tends to be affected by foreign food culture. Not only have Western fast Food culture promoted the development of Chinese fast food, but also have cultivated a certain group who have a preference for western fast food(Jussaume,2001). Since the youth are the target consumption market for KFC, the youth are mostly affected by western fast food culture. They think of eating western style fast food as a new and fashionable life style rather than simply satisfying their appetites. 5.3 Internal Strength (S) (1) A large number of varieties There are a large number of Chinese fast food varieties such as rice, noodles, dumplings, pancakes and so on, which are characterized by traditional national characteristics. It is rather difficulty for western fast food restaurants to offer such rich varieties of food. The diet culture with the history of five thousand years impresses every Chinese profound influence, which is the greatest advantage over western style fast food. (2) Flavours of diversification Due to Chinas vast territory and 56 ethnic groups in different regions, consumers in different regions have different diet habits. Even within the same region, the tastes vary across individuals. Although Western style fast food restaurants make some adjustment on tastes in different countries to satisfy the local taste, generally, the tastes of their food have not changed a lot for their slogan tastes the same over the world. (3) Moderate price China is still a developing country, in 2001, disposable income of urban residents per capita is 6860 Yuan. Price is still the major considering factor when they are planning to consume. The cost of western-style food consumption per capita each time is between 20yuan to 50yuan, which is still on the high side for general consumers. According to the statistical analysis, the average cost of Chinese fast food per capita each time is about 10yuan which is the consumption level that most Chinese people can reach. As a matter of fact, these people are the main consumption of fast food industry. (4) Loyal customers It is the cultural features of food consumption that assures the Chinese fast food enterprises stable and loyal customers. Food consumption is not only a mean which satisfies people the most basic physiological needs, but also cultural features by which a nation is distinguished from other nations. Whether you are one of the elders who are deeply rooted by prominent feature and traditional culture or of new trend-spotting generation, and whether you are one of the rich who pursuit life quality or of the low-income receivers who are mainly contented with physiological needs. As long as you are born in China, the diet culture is rather hard to change. Although other cultural features, such as the consumption idea, clothing, lifestyle is actually changing with the further development of Globalization, modernization. The Local feature makes the entry of the foreign enterprise into Chinese market more difficult than the entry into markets like financial market, insurance market, Consultin g and other services industry market. Compared with the enterprises into China, Chinese fast food enterprises have a objective advantage namely customer loyalty. 5.4 Internal Weakness (W) (1)The poor sanitary conditions in restaurants and instability of food quality The sanitary conditions of fast food industry is directly related to the health of customers. They are reflected in three aspects: sanitary conditions of the production of food processing, sanitary conditions of tableware and dinnerware and sanitary conditions of dining restaurant environment. The sanitary situation of most fast food enterprises in our country health situation is worrying, even if Equipped with the disinfection equipment according relevant regulations, the procedure of disinfection is often omitted when there are not enough dish plates. Chef and Staff are very in cleanliness, especially during summer. Such terrible sanitary conditions discouraged many customers from dining. KFC especially emphasis on internal cleansing, the company set rules about how to check the stores cleanliness. Items like food quality, cooking, cooking time and temperature and so on have to be evaluated by the following assessment: quality, service, health and value .the scores of the four asse ssments would decide whether you are eligible to join to apply for new stores. Chinese fast food restaurants are lack of quantitative criteria, because the chef cooks by his or her experience. It is difficult to guarantee quality of uniform standards, and food quality is not showing a great deal of stability, which has a negative effect on the inheritance of the traditional cooking and Chinese fast food track of modernization. Western-style fast food enterprises use advanced production equipment and technology, and strictly control the food-processing time, temperature, taste, which can prevent the food from the impact of human factors to ensure the quality stability. (3)Being Slow to provide food Summary of the main features of fast food is to provide catering services in the shortest possible time(Jekanowski, Binkley ,2001), thereby saving consumers time. For fast food enterprises, if they can not increase the service speed, it means that they are probably to lose their customers and market. It is estimated that the waiting time of Chinese fast food enterprises customers is a period of 15 minutes for 10, while KFCs is less than two minutes. (4) Marketing concepts left behind Food products include three parts: a core product to meet the appetite; the form of products of a delicious food, excellent environment, clean utensils; extension product of a satisfactory service. Chinese fast food enterprises are in the pursuit of foods colour, Smell and taste too much, and ignore the image of the restaurant, service norms, the waiting time, cleanliness of environment and extension of the form of products(Liu,2003). Therefore the overall product does not meet consumers expectations, resulting in failure in competition with Western-style fast food. The Chinese fast food enterprises are poor at brand awareness, people are more familiar with KFC an

The Starbucks Corporation Essay -- essays research papers

1. Starbucks Corporation's rise seems to be out of a storybook for Howard Schultz. Starbucks began selling whole bean coffee in 1971 under Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker. Business grew at a slow and steady pace until Schulz joined the company as manager of retail sales and marketing. After a visit to Milan, Italy, Schultz was inspired by a vision. He saw how important coffee was to the romantic culture of Italy. He believed that if Americans had such places to socialize over a cup of coffee, espresso, cappuccino, etc., that they would pay good money for his quality product. The owners of the Starbucks Corporation were not as excited and did not want to operate in the restaurant business. Schultz filmed these coffee bars and began to pitch his ideas to investors. By April of 1985, his first coffee bar had opened and by 1987 he had bought the Starbucks name. Although the first few years of the company were less than profitable, Schultz looked at the long-term opportunities and never let his idea die. Within a few years sales shot up 84%. This left room for expansion. By 1995 there were almost 200 stores opened across the U.S. and Starbucks was already looking international at this point and began operations to look to Asia. Starbucks now has opened bars all over the world and is one of the most successful businesses in the world. 2. The topics we have been looking at include the external environments of businesses and deciding on what a company is to do in the...

A Clean Well-lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway Essay

â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† by Ernest Hemingway â€Å"A Days Wait† by Ernest Hemingway â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber† by Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Indian Camp† by Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Soldier’s Home† by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway has presented us with some of the best literature of the 20th century. He has been recognized in recent times as one of the greatest writers of all time, and the effect his work has left upon us is compared with that of Shakespeare’s. His great success could be due, in part, to the fact that characters in his literature lead lives which mirror his own in many ways. Literary critics have dubbed these parallels â€Å"code heroes,† and have presented guidelines as to what lifestyles they lead in Hemingway’s stories. I wish to show similarities in the presence of these certain, uniform traits that are common among Hemingway’s code hero in the stories, â€Å"A Cle an Well-Lighted Place† and â€Å"A Day’s Wait,† both by Ernest Hemingway. The specific elements that make up a code hero are as follows: (1) â€Å"Eat, drink, and be merry, because tomorrow you may die.† (2) â€Å"When you’re dead, you’re dead.† (3) â€Å"Avoid death at all cost, but don’t be afraid to die.† (4) â€Å"Always be disciplined, never show emotion.† (5) â€Å"Grace under pressure.† (6) Nada concept – a code hero is not comfortable at night. They become most active during darkness, because they fear it and try to avoid it at all times. In the short story, â€Å"A Day’s Wait,† the presence of code hero traits is evident in the thoughts, words, and actions of Schatz, the main character in the story. Schatz is a small child who believes that he is going to die, yet he does not fear it. Instead, the boy lies in bed and takes it. He understands that death is an accepted reality rather than a worrisome end for a code hero. Schatz forces himself to be strong for his father. He tells him, â€Å"You don’t have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you.† Schatz continues to prove himself as a code hero by constantly stifling any emotion that he is feeling. He never once shares with his father the immense turmoil that is present within himself. When his father asks him how he feels, he simply replies, â€Å"Just the same, so far.† This is an adequate reply for a Hemingway code hero because he always feels the presence of an undying peace that is control. He knows that he must exhibit an unyielding grace  under pressure. Schatz epitomizes all of these characteristics, and not only because his coded behavior is undeniable, but because he is not a soldier at the front or a man with a crippling injury which no longer allows him to enjoy life, he is only a boy of nine years. Schatz displays a grace that most adults can not fathom. He is determined to show an emotional strength that is beyond his years. As with most of Hemingway’s code heroes, Schatz is aware of the awkward feeling in which darkness presents. His father tells him to go to bed several times, but Schatz knows that he must remain conscious and enjoy his last hours of life. If he allows himself to pass onto a vulnerable state that is sleep, he knows that he may not wake up. â€Å"I’d rather stay awake,† he tells his father in the uneventful way in which only a code hero can. The old man in the short story â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† also understands what it takes to be one of Hemingway’s elite. He drinks every night until he is drunk, because he knows that tonight may be his last. He knows that the world is a constant struggle and that he must be victor, lest he lose the game. For once the game is lost, it is not an easy task to play again. In the world of a code hero, there are no rewards for second place. Once the old man is done, he knows that he can never return in the glory which he once enjoyed. But he does not fear this. That would not be the style which suits him. In fact, we learn that the old man welcomes death, â€Å"He hung himself with a rope.† He possesses an advantage above those who fear death. He feels that he would be happier in death than in life. The old man proves to us that he is unhappy, but he cannot show this. He remains dignified in his agony and understands that it would not be â€Å"sporting† to end the game this way. His respect comes from playing the game well, for he is a code hero. Even in the drunken stagger that he must fight every night during his long walk home, he is collected, a decorated soldier who proudly fights the good battle. â€Å"The waiter watched him go down the street, a very old man walking unsteadily but with dignity.† The old man, as all code heroes must, also denies the presence of darkness. Hemingway uses particular code elements more than others in certain stories, and this is no  exception. The short story â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† is completely based on the nada concept. The narrator explains the old man’s need for a lighted place in order to somehow prevent the unbearable loneliness in which he refuses to succumb to. Hemingway, in his genius, understands this need in all of us. In his representation of this light, he triggers the same feeling of warmth that the old man has grown to depend on. The old man goes to that place in his childhood in which he remembers the freshly washed countertop, the warm, fluorescent glow of a grandmother’s kitchen at night just before bedtime. Just like all of us, he does not want to go to bed. He longs to be awake and in the presence of that security. Many similarities are seen between the code heroes of Schatz, in â€Å"A Day’s Wait,† and the old man from â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place.† Both possess a quality which allows them to view death differently. They are able to see a larger picture in which they play the game well, but when they are through they must accept the fact that they cannot go back. This ability to view death is what allows Schatz to accept an early end, and also what gives the old man the strength to stare his maker in the eyes and kick the chair out from underneath himself. Both Schatz and the old man are able to eliminate the emotions which complicate all of our lives. In the possession of this trait, both characters are able to focus completely on the task which is at hand. Schatz knows that he must be strong for his father, so he can waste no time on feelings. The old man also knows that he has another purpose in life than to promote charity. He is called to live a life worthy of a code hero’s recognition. He is called to play the game better than anyone else until the end no longer permits him to. These characters both force themselves to carry on a dignified existence. Schatz knows that wailing and carrying-on do not exist in the world of a code hero. He knows that the only way he can face death is with the same attitude that he faced each day of his existence. To give up now would be losing the battle. The old man also knows how to lead a life of dignity. â€Å"I wouldn’t want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing. Not always. This old man is clean. He drinks without spilling. Even now, drunk. Look at him.† It is evident to the waiter that the old man is somehow controlled by an invisible force, an internal force, which does not allow him to give any impression except one of control, one of grace. Lastly, these two code heroes share a respect for darkness. This respect incorporates everything that darkness represents. They cannot fear darkness, for it is not in the nature of a code hero to fear anything, but they also cannot forget the feeling that darkness gives them. In the short story â€Å"A Day’s Wait,† the obvious observation must be made that the boy never once allows himself to become vulnerable in the unreadiness which is sleep. The old man is so uncomfortable with this vulnerability that he lives out darkness underneath a ceiling light in a cafÃÆ' © booth. Schatz and the old man are examples of Hemingway code heroes at their best. In each short story that Hemingway’s pen has graced, we see a character who can be considered heroic in a way specific to themselves and to Ernest Hemingway. However, it is when these single characters are presented in the light of a comparison that it is possible to see just exactly what Hemingway was trying to accomplish in developing each of them.

An Introduction to Puritanism

An Introduction to Puritanism Puritanism was a religious  reformation movement  that began in England in the late 1500s. Its initial goal was to remove any remaining links to Catholicism within the  Church of England (Anglican Church) after its separation from the Catholic Church. To do this, Puritans sought to change the structure and ceremonies of the church. They also wanted broader lifestyle changes in England to align with their strong moral beliefs. Some Puritans emigrated to the New World and established colonies built around churches that fit these beliefs.  Puritanism had a broad impact on England’s religious laws as well as the founding and development of the colonies in America. Beliefs Some Puritans believed in total separation from the Church of England, while others simply sought reform, wishing to remain a part of the church. Uniting these two factions was the belief that the church should not have any rituals or ceremonies not found in the Bible. They believed that the government should enforce morals and punish behavior such as drunkenness and swearing. Puritans, however, did believe in religious freedom and generally respected the differences in belief systems of those outside the Church of England.   Some of the major disputes between the Puritans and the Anglican church regarded the Puritan beliefs that priests should not wear vestments (clerical clothing), that ministers should actively spread the word of God, and that the church hierarchy (of bishops, archbishops, etc.) should be replaced with a committee of elders.   Regarding their personal relationships with God, Puritans believed that salvation was entirely up to God and that God had chosen only a select few to be saved, yet no one could know if they were among this group. They also believed that each person should have a personal covenant with God. The Puritans were influenced by  Calvinism and adopted its beliefs in predestination and the sinful nature of man. Puritans believed that all people must live by the Bible and should have a deep familiarity with the text. To achieve this, Puritans placed a strong emphasis on literacy and education.   Puritans in England Puritanism first emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries in England as a movement to remove all vestiges of Catholicism from the Anglican Church. The Anglican Church first separated from Catholicism in 1534, but when Queen Mary took the throne in 1553, she reverted it to Catholicism. Under Mary, many Puritans faced exile. This threat, combined with the increasing prevalence of Calvinism, which provided writings that supported their viewpoint, further strengthened Puritan beliefs. In 1558, Queen Elizabeth  I took the throne and re-established the separation from Catholicism, but not thoroughly enough for the Puritans. The group rebelled and, as a result, were prosecuted for refusing to abide by laws that required specific religious practices. This was one factor that led to the eruption of the English civil war between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists in 1642, fought in part over religious freedom.   Puritans in America   In 1608, some Puritans moved from England to Holland, where, in 1620, they boarded the Mayflower to Massachusetts, where they would establish Plymouth Colony. In 1628, another group of Puritans founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Puritans eventually spread throughout New England, establishing new self-governing churches. In order to become a full member of the church, seekers were required to give testimony of a personal relationship with God. Only those who could demonstrate a godly lifestyle were permitted to join.   The witch trials of the late 1600s in places like Salem, Massachusetts, were run by the Puritans and fueled by their religious and moral beliefs. But as the 17th century wore on, the cultural strength of the Puritans gradually waned. As the first generation of immigrants died out, their children and grandchildren became less connected with the church. By 1689, the majority of New Englanders thought of themselves as Protestants rather than Puritans, though many of them were just as sharply opposed to Catholicism.   As the religious movement in America eventually fractured into many groups (such as Quakers, Baptists, Methodists, and more), Puritanism became more of an underlying philosophy than a religion. It evolved into a way of life focused on self-reliance, moral sturdiness, tenacity, political isolationism, and excess-free living. These beliefs gradually evolved into a secular lifestyle that was (and sometimes is) thought of as a distinctly New England mentality.

Art critisim essays

Art critisim essays While attending the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art I was fascinated by all the different styles, textures, and materials that where used to make art. But of all the extraordinary works of art on display perhaps one of the smaller pieces was the one that had the biggest impact on me. In this art criticism paper about Jackson Pollocks, Silver and Black Diptych, exhibited in the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, a description, interpretation and summary will help the reader understand and appreciate this 1950 work of art. This piece of art created by Jackson Pollock in 1950 is an oil paint and metal on a canvas. The artwork measures exactly 11 Â ½ x 17 inches. The white canvas is painted in Pollocks signature way of flinging, dribbling, and puddling the paint across the canvas. It seems that the piece (canvas) was painted as a whole but is now divided into two equal halves. Hints the title of the piece Silver and Black Diptych, diptych meaning two. Pollock often altered or trimmed his paintings to suite the image. The painting consists of silver and black as the two dominating colors. An extremely dark red and peach color is used sporadically throughout the canvas as well. Also a little orange and blue appear. A thin metal copper colored piece divides the artwork in half. The same material used to divide the artwork is also used as the frame or outer piece. The frame looks to be hand made to fit the canvas exactly. On the right side of the divider in the lower right hand corner is where the most pai nt is applied, mostly black and silver. Also located on the right side of the divider but in the upper right hand corner is an added piece of silver metal that is attached to the canvas. This metal piece is also painted mostly in silver. The paint applied in this work of art is very spread out, where as in some of Pollocks other paintings very little canvas is visible ...

Research Paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Paper - Article Example The causes of the rising costs are due to aging population and cost of new and modern treatments. Inefficiencies in delivery of healthcare also play a role in rising costs (Reisman, 2010). Healthcare science has rapidly progressed than the ability of managing the systems of healthcare. Patients are the main determinants of directional flow of health care, with the need to get quality and affordable treatment. Economic constraints to offer quality care lead to the need for healthcare institutions to design mechanism to meet the needs of patients. Efficient healthcare systems guarantee affordable, timely, and quality care (Bookman, 2007). Global difference with regard to price among hospitals is brought about by the service rendered quality, health and government policies in respective countries, technology used, wage bill and time. Hospitals, especially in the United States have a high cost mainly due to government policies that has made health sector expensive. Insurance is also unaffordable form many Americans. Hospitals that use state of art technology tend to be more expensive than the ones without. The payments for physicians and doctors also determine the cost in different hospitals. Doctors in America are highly paid than any other doctors. Some patients who need privacy need hospitals that are suitable to them for discrete procedures. Such hospitals tend to charge higher for such services. These are the major factors determining the difference in prices of hospitals globally According to Vick (2010), flow of patient represents the ability of systems of healthcare to serve patients efficiently and quickly as they pass through the various care stages. Working system ensures the sick flow like a river, indicating that every step of care completes with little delays. In a broken system, patients build up like a reservoir. This is seen in chronic delays especially in many emergency

Democratic assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Democratic assessment - Essay Example However, in this particular article, we are going to lay emphasis on the democratic organization and structure of Canada and at the same time compare it to the various democracies globally. First and foremost Canada is a country situated in the North American continent. It is a vast nation which stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the pacific and further to the Arctic Ocean. 1Apparently, it is a federal parliamentary nation and at the same times a constitutional monarchy with the royal family as the head of the nation. On that note, the nation is founded on the following values: freedom, democracy, democratic leadership, human rights and finally the rule of law. 2However, the democracy in Canada has faced harsh criticism on the fact that it is termed as being less participatory on the part of representation following the politicians advocating for policies which serve their own interest as opposed the interest of the majority of the people. Despite all that, the government has tirel essly worked to restore the participation of the public through election. In addition to that, elections have provided a forum in which the people of a nation have control over the governing authorities and their policies.3 Apparently, elections have served as a vetting forum for the leaders. In addition to that, through elections people have been able to elect credible leaders for the various public administrative positions for instance the Member of Parliament in the case of Canada and therefore accountability in office has been boosted greatly since failure to deliver on office means one would not be reelected during the next election. 4Furthermore, elections give the people the authority to select the leader they feel will represent them fully in the government; address their grievance to the governing body. On the contrary, through referendum exercises the people have been able to approve the policies they regard in their best interest and at the same time disapprove some of th e policies formulated by the government that they view are unsuitable for the nation’s growth. In other words, elections have given the people power to select which policies to approve to law. 5For instance, in case the government of a nation needs to amend the constitution; which is the law of the country, they may require a majority vote of the citizens in a bid to approve and ensure the participation of the people in democracy of the nation. On a similar theme, people are also given the power to control the policy through the fact that they get to elect new officials during every election. On that note, the newly elected individuals come in with new ideas and policies which are aimed at improving the living standards of people. Consequently, the people are able to keep in check the activities of the government. Apparently, in Canada elections are held on several fronts in the government. 6On that note, there are the national, provincial, municipal and finally the territori al elections. Notably, the parliament of Canada consists of two major divisions; the House of Commons which contain three hundred and eight members and the senate which has one hundred and five appointees of the governor general with the aid of the prime minister. During

Anslem, Meditation on Human Redemption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anslem, Meditation on Human Redemption - Essay Example He says that people should not blame The Lord after deceiving themselves regarding his truth yet has only trusted in the falsehood of himself. This he says is because The Lord remains in truth in every respect so that He can do what has to be done in each aspect and respect, and that is why The Lord became Incarnate2. An interesting feature is the fact that The Lord has given man will and power to choose between right and wrong and does not compel him. He just tries to convince him o obey using various aspects like giving up his only son to die and suffer for redemption of man as well as to serve as a true example of obedience. He says that the life of Jesus is more precious than every other thing on earth and by giving it up for redemption of the soul of man, He really wanted the redemption of the soul of man3. Jesus himself gave u his own life as an example to man that they are obliged to God even if it means they have to give up their own life as a proof of obedience to him. It is also shown that God has given man the power of will, by allowing him to d o whatever he wants. This he gives as an example that God allows the devil to tempt man and man has the right to refuse or accept but whatever man does, He must remember that He is answerable to God and not the devil. This shows that The Lord h as supreme power over man, and He should give his soul to Him. When man sins, he only is punished by God and the devil is not since he as man has sinned against The Lord and the devil has not. Therefore, satisfaction to God is not given by doing things said by God only, but by giving God something of his own which is not of God which exceeds all other things this is called sacrifice. To sin is to dishonor God and man should not dishonor God; however, necessary it looks. Therefore, a sinner ought to give the Lord something greater than dishonor to God and that is only by honoring Him. His son,

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes Essay Example for Free

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes Essay For example, a person who feels the need for sex but who has been told by their parents that sex is wrong may suppress this tendency. In order to receive positive regard from their parents they abide by this statement. In this way the person has received conditional positive regard from the parents. However, the need for sex remains, as this is an organismic value, which Rogers describes as our inborn set of values, possessed by all (Medcof Roth, 1979). When these needs are suppressed, Rogers sees neurotic and psychotic problems developing (Hays Orrell, 1987). Abraham Maslow believed that the way towards self-actualisation was to fulfil certain needs. These needs he arranged into a pyramid, which he referred to as the hierarchy of needs. Starting with simple needs, for example, hunger and thirst and then progressing upwards to security, belonging, esteem, understanding and aesthetic needs before reaching self actualisation (Rungapadiachy, 1999). Maslows theory appeared logical and optimistic and became very popular without much criticism. It became popular within business seminars as a training aid. However Maslows hierarchy of needs has not been supported by research. Hungry people may still seek esteem from others and a person who has satisfied their hunger may not necessarily seek higher needs (Wade Tarvis, 1993). Wade Tarvis (1993) also suggest that each person develops their own individual hierarchy from childhood to old age and although for some, the need for love and security will dominate, for others the need for power or achievement will rule. Both Maslow and Rogers believed that given the right conditions, Maslows satisfaction of basic needs and Rogers unconditional positive regard, people will naturally choose growth enhancing alternatives (Roth, 1979). The behaviourist approach arose as a backlash of other approaches at the time and rather than looking at the internal factors, behaviourism shifted its emphasis to the external factors. Psychologist John. B. Watson was becoming disenchanted with the attempts to study emotions, motives and thoughts as these were often vague and subjective and difficult to systematically study. Watson argued that psychology must be based on what is observable and measurable by more than one person (Gross, 1996). Watson believed that behaviour could be seen as a set of reactions in response to stimuli. In this way, if one knew the stimulus then they could obtain the desired behaviour. The two types of learning which behaviourists concern themselves with are classical conditioning and operant conditioning (Rungapadiachy, 1999). Classical conditioning refers to a behaviour that is reflexive or involuntary, for example, coughing, sneezing, shivering, sexual arousal (Rungapadiachy, 1999). Watson and Rayner (1920) conducted experiments into classical conditioning by establishing a rat phobia into an eleven-month-old child. The child was introduced to a white rat to play with and the child was pleased. However, a steel bar was introduced and whenever the rat was given to the child and the child reached out for the rat the steel bar would be struck to create a noise and frightening the child. Eventually on introduction of the rat without the steel bar the child would become frightened of the rat. Watson and Rayner had succeeded in creating a conditioned response (Wade Tarvis, 1993).

Interpretations of Slavery Essay -- Slavery Essays

Interpretations of Slavery INTRODUCTION Slavery is known to have existed as early as the 18th century B.C. during the Shang Dynasty of China. Slavery was widely practiced in many other countries, including, Korea, India, Greece, Mexico and Africa. (Britannica 288-89). When most people consider slavery, however, they think of Western slavery in North America because it is well documented and it was such a horrible institution. Even though there is no one definition of slavery, the people who study it (historians, anthropologists and sociologists) agree that certain characteristics are present in all forms of slavery. Slaves were property and objects, not subjects of the law. Slaves had few rights, always fewer than their owners. Slave were also limited to few social activities and were not allowed to participate in political decisions. Finally, any earnings aquired by slaves by law belonged to their master. Also, slaves were prevented from making their own choices regarding physical reproduction. Western slavery took each o f these slave characteristics to a new level and as a result there are many authors who wrote about the evil institution of slavery in the Colonies. American literature is full of authors who describe, condone or oppose slavery, the most informative and influential of whom were Black writers because many were able to give a personal perspective on slavery. These Black writers had to struggle to be accepted as literary writers before they could get their message across. "The tradition of black writing in the United States is, in many ways, a history of attempts at literary liberation from racism-attempts to articulate in a specifically black context the characteristic American themes of freedom and self-determ... ...d by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Penguin Group Publishing, New York, 1987. Costanzo, Angelo. Surprizing Narrative, Olaudah Equiano and the Beginnings of the Black Autobiography, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Penguin Group Publishing, New York, 1987. Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Penguin Group Publishing, New York, 1987. Hughes, Langston, Milton Meltzon. A Pictorial History of the Negro and America, New York: Crown, 1968. O'Neale Sondra. "Olaudah Equiano," Dictionary of Literary Biography, American Writers of the Early Republic, ed. Emory Elliot. Vol 37. Princeton: Bruccoli, Clark and Layman Book, 1985. "Slavery." The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 1995 ed.